What to know about rattlesnake bites before using Arizona trails in the warm season

Rattlesnakes are defensive around humans

Despite what you might hear and read, snakebites are relatively uncommon so long as individuals stay vigilant and avoid situations that could provoke a snake.

Rattlesnakes play vital roles in maintaining balanced ecosystems by controlling rodent populations and understanding the behavior of rattlesnakes is essential for reducing risks. Despite common misconceptions, rattlesnakes are not naturally aggressive but rather defensive, responding to potential threats in their surroundings.

By respecting rattlesnakes and taking appropriate precautions, trail users and these natural inhabitants of our wild places can harmoniously coexistence.

Warmer weather, more rattlesnakes

With rattlesnake season in Arizona upon us. Here’s guidance from Tiffany Acosta and the Arizona Republic on preventing bites and managing encounters.

Advice from Arizona Game and Fish

When confronted with a rattlesnake’s warning rattle, it’s crucial to respond calmly. According to Jeff Meyers, the wildlife viewing program manager for the Arizona Game and Fish Department, rattlesnakes rattle when they feel threatened, not out of aggression.

Here’s what to do if you encounter a rattlesnake:

1. Pause and maintain composure: Upon hearing a rattlesnake’s distinctive rattle, halt immediately. Avoid panicking or sudden movements, which may escalate the snake’s agitation.
2. Assess the situation: Identify the snake’s location and give it space. Slowly back away while keeping an eye on its movements.
3. Keep a safe distance: Rattlesnakes typically strike when they feel threatened or cornered. Provide ample space for the snake to retreat without feeling trapped.
4. Avoid provoking the snake: Refrain from approaching or agitating the snake. Do not attempt to handle or disturb it in any way.
5. Leave the area cautiously: Once you’ve distanced yourself from the rattlesnake, exit the vicinity carefully. Avoid walking through areas where snakes may hide, such as tall grass or rocky terrain.
6. Seek medical help if bitten: If a rattlesnake bite occurs, promptly seek medical attention. Call emergency services or proceed to the nearest hospital without delay.

If bitten, it’s essential to act swiftly and calmly. Here’s what to do:

1. Remain calm: Avoid panicking, as it can hasten venom absorption. Maintain a steady heart rate to slow venom circulation.
2. Call for assistance: Dial 911 immediately for urgent medical aid. Every minute counts in seeking help.
3. Immobilize the bite area: Keep the affected limb still and positioned at or slightly below heart level to impede venom spread.
4. Remove constrictive items: Take off jewelry or tight clothing near the bite site to prevent circulation restriction.
5. Avoid ice or tourniquets: Contrary to popular belief, these measures can exacerbate venom effects.
6. Do not attempt suction: Trying to remove venom by mouth is ineffective and may worsen the injury.
7. Transport to a medical facility: If possible, transport the victim to a hospital or clinic equipped to manage snakebites. Await professional medical assistance if an ambulance is available.

The golden hour

The initial hour after a rattlesnake bite, known as the golden hour, is critical for receiving timely treatment. Seeking medical care promptly can significantly improve outcomes and minimize complications.

While rattlesnake bites can be serious, survival is possible with proper medical intervention. Deaths from rattlesnake bites are rare in regions with accessible healthcare facilities.

Understanding the symptoms of a rattlesnake bite, such as swelling, bruising, and difficulty breathing, can aid in early detection and treatment. If bitten, prioritize seeking medical help promptly to ensure the best possible outcome.

Rattlesnake bite facts:

• Untreated rattlesnake bites can cause tissue damage, organ failure and even death. Death can occur within hours or days when a venomous bite goes untreated.
• With appropriate medical care, deaths from rattlesnake bites are actually rare. About one in 600 rattlesnake bites result in death.
• A rattlesnake bite victim does NOT need to bring the snake into the hospital with them for the doctors to know how to treat their wound, that is an old myth.
• About one-third of all rattlesnake bites are known as “dry bites,” meaning the snake does not inject venom. Producing venom costs rattlesnakes expensive energy and they will generally try not to use it except on creatures that might be the right size to be considered prey.

Rattlesnake bite cases, symptoms, and experiences will vary. The most important thing is to seek medical attention immediately. Always stay vigilant in the parks and on the trails.